1. Turning
Turning involves clamping the workpiece firmly to a rotating plate or mandrel. When the workpiece rotates, the cutting tool is fixed against it in a fixed device mounted on the moving sliding piece.
The slider can be moved up and down the length of the workpiece, as well as closer to or away from the center line. This simple operation is ideal for quickly removing large amounts of material.
In addition, a drill bit mounted on the tailstock of the lathe can drill precise holes; Lathes are used to form concentric shapes on the outer circumference of circular parts; Manufacture grooves, ring grooves, step shoulders, internal and external threads, cylinders and shafts on lathes - many round or circular features.
2. The milling
Milling differs radically in that the workpiece remains stationary and the cutting tool rotates on the mandrel. The workpiece is usually held horizontally in the machine vise and mounted on a workbench that moves in the X and Y directions.
The spindle holds a variety of tools and moves along X, Y and Z axes. Milling cutters are used to manufacture squares/planes, notches, chamfering, channels, profiles, keyways and other features that depend on precise cutting angles.
As with all metalworking operations, cutting fluids are used to cool the workpiece and cutting tools, to lubricate, and to wash away metal particles or chips.
3.EDM
Solid EDM is used to create pits, holes and square features in hardened tool steels that would be difficult, if not impossible, to make in any other way.
It is commonly used in plastic injection and pressure die casting molds, and rarely used in finished parts themselves. EDM is also used to make textured surfaces or dented (dented) letters and logos on molds.
4. The grinding
Grinding to create a very flat surface on metal parts is important for many applications, and the best way to create such a precise surface is to use a grinder.
The grinder is covered with abrasive sand particles with specific roughness
